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2025 Reliable AB-Abdomen Latest Exam Questions | Abdomen Sonography Examination 100% Free Reliable Test Pattern

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ARDMS Abdomen Sonography Examination Sample Questions (Q42-Q47):

NEW QUESTION # 42
Which action should a sonographer take if the abdominal aorta measures 5.5 centimeters in the anteroposterior diameter?

A. Release patient from care
B. Report the finding to the radiologist immediately
C. Disclose the diagnosis to the patient
D. Follow the routine protocol for abdominal ultrasound

Answer: B

Explanation:
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring #5.5 cm represents a significantly increased risk of rupture and often requires surgical evaluation. The sonographer must report this critical finding immediately to the interpreting physician. The sonographer should never disclose a diagnosis directly to the patient.
According to AIUM and SRU Guidelines:
"An aortic diameter of 5.5 cm or greater should be promptly reported to the interpreting physician due to the high risk of rupture." Reference:
AIUM Practice Parameter for Abdominal Aortic Ultrasound, 2020.
Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) Consensus Statement, 2003.

NEW QUESTION # 43
Which condition is most likely associated with a common bile duct measuring 5 mm?

A. Sclerosis
B. Normal
C. Obstruction
D. Stricture

Answer: B

Explanation:
A common bile duct (CBD) measuring up to 5 mm is considered normal in most patients under age 60. Some references allow for up to 6 mm, especially post-cholecystectomy or in older individuals. Significant dilation (suggestive of obstruction) typically exceeds these measurements.
According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound:
"The normal common bile duct measures up to 5-6 mm, with slight increases considered normal after cholecystectomy or with advancing age." Reference:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
AIUM Practice Parameter for Abdominal Ultrasound, 2020.

NEW QUESTION # 44
Which term best describes the common bile duct measured in this image of a postcholecystectomy patient?

A. Inflamed
B. Normal
C. Atretic
D. Dilated

Answer: B

Explanation:
The ultrasound image shows a measured common bile duct (CBD) diameter of 7.9 mm in a postcholecystectomy patient. In patients who have undergone cholecystectomy, mild dilation of the CBD is considered normal and is a well-recognized post-surgical change.
Normal upper limits for CBD diameter:
* In patients with a gallbladder: #6 mm is generally considered normal.
* In postcholecystectomy patients: up to 10 mm is considered within normal limits, as the CBD compensates for the absence of the gallbladder and slightly enlarges over time.
* With aging, the CBD may enlarge by approximately 1 mm per decade after age 60.
Therefore, a CBD diameter of 7.9 mm in a patient without a gallbladder is considered normal.
Differentiation from other options:
* B. Dilated: This would typically refer to a CBD diameter >10 mm in postcholecystectomy patients, or
>6 mm in patients with an intact gallbladder.
* C. Inflamed: Inflammation refers to wall thickening or hyperemia, which is not evaluated simply by measuring diameter.
* D. Atretic: Describes a congenitally absent or severely narrowed duct - not applicable here.
References:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. Elsevier, 2018.
Chapter: Biliary System, pp. 143-146.
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) Practice Parameter for the Performance of a Hepatobiliary Ultrasound Examination, 2020.
Radiopaedia.org. Common bile duct: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/common-bile-duct

NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following would optimize visualization of a bladder mass?

A. Utilize a high-frequency linear transducer
B. Compression technique to move bowel gas
C. Have patient fill bladder
D. Have patient empty bladder

Answer: C

Explanation:
A full bladder provides an acoustic window that displaces bowel gas and distends the bladder walls, allowing optimal visualization of any bladder masses or lesions. An empty bladder may collapse, obscuring masses.
According to Rumack's Diagnostic Ultrasound:
"Bladder evaluation should be performed with the bladder optimally distended to visualize its walls and any intraluminal masses." Reference:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
AIUM Practice Parameter for Bladder Ultrasound, 2020.
-

NEW QUESTION # 46
Which technique would best eliminate the spectral Doppler artifact in this image?

A. Increase pulse repetition frequency
B. Adjust gain
C. Increase wall filter
D. Adjust baseline

Answer: B

Explanation:
The spectral Doppler image demonstrates excessive noise along the baseline, including a "fuzzy" or filled-in spectral window. This artifact is known as spectral broadening or "blossoming," and it typically results from excessive Doppler gain.
When Doppler gain is set too high, it amplifies not only the true Doppler signal but also the background noise.
This results in a falsely broadened waveform that can obscure diagnostic information such as peak velocities or flow turbulence. The best way to correct this artifact is to reduce the Doppler gain (Option A).
Key points regarding gain-related artifact:
* Excessive gain exaggerates spectral display by amplifying weak signals and noise.
* Reducing gain restores the clarity of the spectral window and accurate envelope definition.
* The goal is to optimize gain just enough to see the real flow signals without cluttering the display.
Differentiation from other options:
* B. Adjust baseline: Useful in avoiding aliasing but does not affect gain-related noise.
* C. Increase wall filter: Removes low-frequency signals from vessel wall motion but not background spectral noise.
* D. Increase pulse repetition frequency (PRF): Used to reduce aliasing in high-velocity flow, not to address gain-related spectral clutter.
References:
Kremkau FW. Sonography: Principles and Instruments. 9th Edition. Elsevier, 2015. Chapter: Doppler Principles, pp. 189-193.
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. Elsevier, 2018.
Chapter: Doppler Artifacts, pp. 65-67.
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) Doppler Ultrasound Practice Guidelines, 2020.
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NEW QUESTION # 47
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